Air#
References#
Equation of State#
Eric W. Lemmon, Richard T. Jacobsen, Steven G. Penoncello, and Daniel G. Friend. Thermodynamic Properties of Air and Mixtures of Nitrogen, Argon, and Oxygen from 60 to 2000 K at Pressures to 2000 MPa. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 29(3):331–385, 2000. doi:10.1063/1.1285884.Thermal Conductivity#
E. W. Lemmon and R. T Jacobsen. Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Equations for Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, and Air. Int. J. Thermophys., 25(1):21–69, 2004. doi:10.1023/B:IJOT.0000022327.04529.f3.Viscosity#
E. W. Lemmon and R. T Jacobsen. Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Equations for Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, and Air. Int. J. Thermophys., 25(1):21–69, 2004. doi:10.1023/B:IJOT.0000022327.04529.f3.Aliases#
air, AIR, R729
Fluid Information#
Parameter, Value |
|
|---|---|
General |
|
Molar mass [kg/mol] |
0.02896546 |
CAS number |
AIR.PPF |
ASHRAE class |
UNKNOWN |
Formula |
N/A |
Acentric factor |
0.0335 |
InChI |
N/A |
InChIKey |
N/A |
SMILES |
N/A |
ChemSpider ID |
-1 |
Limits |
|
Maximum temperature [K] |
2000.0 |
Maximum pressure [Pa] |
2000000000.0 |
Triple point |
|
Triple point temperature [K] |
59.75 |
Triple point pressure [Pa] |
5264.1810687705665 |
Critical point |
|
Critical point temperature [K] |
132.5306 |
Critical point density [kg/m3] |
342.68456416799995 |
Critical point density [mol/m3] |
11830.8 |
Critical point pressure [Pa] |
3786000.0 |
Reducing point |
|
Reducing point temperature [K] |
132.6312 |
Reducing point density [mol/m3] |
10447.7 |
REFPROP Validation Data#
Note
This figure compares the results generated from CoolProp and those generated from REFPROP. They are all results obtained in the form \(Y(T,\rho)\), where \(Y\) is the parameter of interest and which for all EOS is a direct evaluation of the EOS
You can download the script that generated the following figure here: (link to script), right-click the link and then save as… or the equivalent in your browser. You can also download this figure as a PDF.
Consistency Plots#
The following figure shows all the flash routines that are available for this fluid. A red + is a failure of the flash routine, a black dot is a success. Hopefully you will only see black dots. The red curve is the maximum temperature curve, and the blue curve is the melting line if one is available for the fluid.
In this figure, we start off with a state point given by T,P and then we calculate each of the other possible output pairs in turn, and then try to re-calculate T,P from the new input pair. If we don’t arrive back at the original T,P values, there is a problem in the flash routine in CoolProp. For more information on how these figures were generated, see CoolProp.Plots.ConsistencyPlots
Note
You can download the script that generated the following figure here: (link to script), right-click the link and then save as… or the equivalent in your browser. You can also download this figure as a PDF.
Flash consistency (HEOS): 0 inconsistent, 536 exceptions, 0 bad-phase across 11 input pair(s).
Download full failure list (CSV)
Failing state points (sample, up to 20 per pair/class)
Pair |
Class |
Region |
P [Pa] |
T [K] |
In1 |
Val1 |
In2 |
Val2 |
Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DmolarHmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
DmolarHmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
7.4257e+06 |
160.294 |
Dmolar |
9407.46 |
Hmolar |
6141.8 |
p is not a valid number |
DmolarHmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
DmolarHmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
DmolarHmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
DmolarHmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1403.34 |
Dmolar |
31983.5 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -1124.576294 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1453.06 |
Dmolar |
31659.3 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -38190.892345 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1502.78 |
Dmolar |
31343.4 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -31368.583863 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1552.5 |
Dmolar |
31035.1 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -15366.593628 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1602.23 |
Dmolar |
30734.3 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -10470.573978 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1651.95 |
Dmolar |
30440.4 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -8112.688133 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1701.67 |
Dmolar |
30153.2 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -6736.908666 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1751.39 |
Dmolar |
29872.4 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -5844.501356 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1801.11 |
Dmolar |
29597.6 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -5226.536889 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1850.83 |
Dmolar |
29328.6 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -4780.212333 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1900.56 |
Dmolar |
29065.2 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -4449.175965 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
1950.28 |
Dmolar |
28807.1 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -4200.069126 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
2000 |
Dmolar |
28554.2 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
The temperature of -4012.001681 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
1453.06 |
Dmolar |
35836.8 |
P |
2e+09 |
The temperature of -1287.019994 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
1502.78 |
Dmolar |
35539.6 |
P |
2e+09 |
The temperature of -28156.977176 K is below the minimum of 0.000000 K |
DmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
DmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
7.4257e+06 |
160.294 |
Dmolar |
9407.46 |
Smolar |
48.5631 |
p is not a valid number |
DmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
DmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
DmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
DmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
DmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
DmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
DmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
DmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
DmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
DmolarUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
DmolarUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
7.4257e+06 |
160.294 |
Dmolar |
9407.46 |
Umolar |
5352.46 |
p is not a valid number |
DmolarUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
DmolarUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
DmolarUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
DmolarUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.03541e+09 |
60.85 |
Hmolar |
21396.6 |
P |
1.03541e+09 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.005660,-0.912251] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
160.294 |
Hmolar |
34339.5 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004073,-0.936863] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
HmolarP |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
160.294 |
Hmolar |
45029.3 |
P |
2e+09 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002930,-0.954572] |
HmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
HmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
HmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
HmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
HmolarSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.03541e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.03541e+09 |
Smolar |
-51.7293 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.005660,-0.912251] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
160.294 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
Smolar |
-9.05533 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004073,-0.936863] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
PSmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
160.294 |
P |
2e+09 |
Smolar |
-15.0131 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002930,-0.954572] |
PT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
PT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
PT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
PT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
PT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.03541e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.03541e+09 |
Umolar |
-500.981 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.005660,-0.912251] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
160.294 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
Umolar |
3499.84 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004073,-0.936863] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
PUmolar |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
160.294 |
P |
2e+09 |
Umolar |
4693.94 |
unable to solve 1phase PY flash with Tmin=59.749, Tmax=3000 due to error: Inputs in Brent [32745.371466,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002930,-0.954572] |
SmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
5316.82 |
60.85 |
P |
5316.82 |
T |
60.85 |
bad input for other |
SmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.004008,-0.934240] |
SmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
1.43904e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
1.43904e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999616,-0.830354] |
SmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
60.85 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
60.85 |
Inputs in Brent [32585.241733,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-1.002884,-0.952685] |
SmolarT |
EXCEPTION |
1phase |
2e+09 |
110.572 |
P |
2e+09 |
T |
110.572 |
Inputs in Brent [23974.800264,36383.584227] do not bracket the root. Function values are [-0.999724,-0.877936] |
Superancillary Plots#
The following figure shows the accuracy of the superancillary functions relative to extended precision calculations carried out in C++ with the teqp library. The results of the iterative calculations with REFPROP and CoolProp are also shown.
Note
You can download the script that generated the following figure here: (link to script), right-click the link and then save as… or the equivalent in your browser. You can also download this figure as a PDF.
